Knowledge mapping to identify gaps in knowledge translation

Description

Knowledge mapping is a tool for understanding knowledge processes, resources and people involved in an organization or system. A knowledge map displays how knowledge flows in a process, and where knowledge assets and gaps are located. These gaps are presented in a graphic or visual way. In this method, knowledge mapping is used as a technique for identifying gaps in knowledge translation to bridge the know–do gap.

Why is a knowledge map used?
A knowledge map is a useful approach to identify:

• the location, value and use of knowledge resources;
• the roles and expertise of people;
• constraints to the flow of knowledge; and
• opportunities to improve knowledge flows.

What is mapped?
Knowledge mapping looks at how knowledge flows and identifies where knowledge assets and gaps exist. This includes mapping explicit and tacit knowledge. The knowledge map is created with respect to the visual framework, which is based on:

• the function of the map;
• the knowledge type;
• the recipient; and
• the visualization type.

Applying knowledge mapping to knowledge translation processes allows decision-makers to understand processes and gaps in knowledge translation. This technique can identify gaps in knowledge translation processes, including:

• setting research priorities;
• monitoring research in progress;
• policy making and the use of evidence in policy making; and
• mechanisms for capturing knowledge from practice.

This method contains the following sections:

• a definition of knowledge mapping
• examples applying knowledge mapping at the institutional, community and policy levels
• a framework for knowledge mapping in the context of knowledge translation

Steps for Using Method/Tool

Knowledge mapping consists of five steps:

• acquire data
• manipulate data
• store data
• process data
• visualize data

The authors provide a framework to apply knowledge mapping to knowledge translation that includes following steps:

Step 1: Create both a theoretical and an actual map.

• The theoretical map shows all of the key players, knowledge assets and resources and flows that are needed for effective knowledge translation. This map illustrates how knowledge should be shared within the organization or system.
• The actual map represents how knowledge is being shared with the processes currently in place.

Step 2: Compare both maps.

• This step helps decision-makers to recognize potential gaps in how knowledge flows and identifies possible solutions.

Step 3: Impact analysis.

• This analysis helps determine the impact of identified gaps on knowledge flow processes.

Step 4: Gap analysis.

• This analysis identifies the cause of identified gaps by examining the political environment, social network and available resources.
• This step would generate different maps that provide different information about common elements.

Step 5: Action.

• This stage involves taking concrete action on some or all of the gaps identified within the political environment, the social network and available resources.

Step 6: Possible revision of original map.

• This step is dependent on actions taken in step 5.